Dry skin in winter: causes, risks and what you can do

Cold and dry indoor air reduce the skin's moisture content and disrupt the skin barrier. The result is tightness, flaking, itching, and cracks. A gentle daily routine with short showers in lukewarm water, gentle cleansing, generous moisturising, and improved humidity reduces discomfort and strengthens the barrier.

Tips

Short showers in lukewarm water, avoid hot baths.
Mild, fragrance-free cleansing with a low irritation index.
Moisturise generously within three minutes after showering.
Use a richer cream in the evening to lock in moisture.
Soft textiles against the skin and change damp clothes immediately.
Adjust indoor air: air briefly and avoid overheating.
Follow the routine daily for two to four weeks and evaluate.

Step-by-step: winter routine that strengthens the skin barrier

Cleanse gently. Wash in lukewarm water with a mild, fragrance-free cleanser. Strong formulations can strip the skin's natural oils and increase water loss. Pat skin dry.
Moisturise immediately. Within three minutes after showering, while the skin is still slightly damp, apply a generous amount of moisturising cream.
Intensify in the evening. Apply a thicker layer to your lower legs and elbows. Cover with soft clothes that don't chafe.
Protect hands and exposed areas. Wear gloves outdoors and moisturise more frequently indoors as needed.
Optimise the indoor environment. Avoid excessive heating. Air briefly and maintain a consistent temperature.
Textiles and daily habits. Choose smooth materials closest to the skin. Wash with unscented detergent and avoid fabric softener if you are sensitive.

In-depth: what happens to the skin in winter

Cold and dry air. Cold outdoor air and heated indoor air lower humidity. This increases evaporation from the skin, making it tight and sensitive.
Skin barrier. When the skin's own lipids are in distinct layers along with the skin's natural moisturising factors, the skin can better retain water and resist irritation.
Why dry skin is problematic. Pronounced dryness can lead to micro-cracks, burning, and itching, and can worsen existing conditions such as eczema.
Why gentle cleansing and early moisturising help. Gentle cleansing preserves the skin's lipids. Moisturising on slightly damp skin reduces evaporation and improves skin elasticity over time.
Behaviours that make a difference. Hot showers, harsh scrubbing, and friction increase discomfort. Small adjustments in shower routine, clothing choices, and indoor climate show effect within two to four weeks.

Questions and Answers (FAQ)

How warm should the water be in the shower?
Lukewarm. Hot showers increase dehydration.

How quickly should I moisturise after showering?
Within three minutes so that the cream traps any remaining moisture.

Is a light lotion enough in winter?
Often, a richer cream is needed to lock in moisture and support the barrier.

How often should I moisturise during the day?
As needed. Dry areas may require multiple applications.

Do textiles matter?
Yes. Soft, smooth materials reduce friction and irritation.

When should I contact healthcare?
For cracks that do not heal, widespread itching that disturbs sleep, signs of infection, or if self-care does not help after two to four weeks.